Типові слідчі ситуації початкового етапу розслідування умисного знищення або пошкодженням чужого майна, вчиненого шляхом підпалу

Abstract

На основі аналізу думок вчених визначено поняття етапів розслідування та слідчої ситуації, встановлено їх значення у теорії криміналістики. Надано характеристику початкового етапу розслідування. Визначено поняття типової слідчої ситуації, виокремлено типові слідчі ситуації, що можуть виникнути під час розслідування умисного знищення або пошкодження чужого майна, вчиненого шляхом підпалу. По кожній з визначених ситуацій розроблено алгоритм дій слідчого щодо їх вирішення та наведено перелік слідчих (розшукових) дій, що потрібно проводити для вирішення завдань початкового етапу розслідування. Based on the analysis of the opinions of scientists, the concepts of investigation stages and investigative situation are defined, their significance in the theory of forensics is established. It is concluded that the investigation process is divided into initial and subsequent (further) stages, which fundamentally differ in the tasks solved at each of them, as well as tactical techniques and means of solving them. The characteristics of the initial stage of investigation are given, since most scientists pay attention to it, because the data obtained at this stage largely determine the list and success of actions at the next stage and ultimately affect the solution of the tasks of the entire investigation. During the investigation, many investigative situations may arise, the resolution of which depends on the investigator making the right tactical decisions. The concept of a typical investigative situation is defined, typical investigative situations that may arise during the investigation of intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property committed by arson are identified. Typical investigative situations are based on the scientific generalization of common features characteristic of a certain group of individual investigative situations. They are distinguished in the theory of criminology and are of great importance, since an algorithm of actions of the investigator for their solution has been developed for each of them. Taking into account the developments of scientists and the results of studying the materials of the practice of investigating the intentional destruction or damage to someone else’s property committed by arson, the following four typical investigative situations of the initial stage have been identified, in which the signs of a criminal offense are clearly established, but at the same time: 1) the identity of the criminal is unknown, there is no information about him, there are no witnesses, eyewitnesses; 2) the identity of the criminal is unknown, there are witnesses, eyewitnesses, there is information about the appearance of the criminal and the direction of his departure from the scene of the incident; 3) there is reliable information about the identity of the criminal, but he is not detained and is hiding from the investigation; 4) the criminal was detained immediately after the crime was committed. For each of the identified situations, an algorithm of the investigator’s actions to resolve them has been developed and a list of investigative (search) actions that must be carried out to solve the tasks of the initial stage of the investigation has been provided.